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119th Congress Crime and Law Enforcement

S. 331: HALT Fentanyl Act

Became LawPublic Law 119-26, signed Jul 16, 2025

  1. Introduced (completed)Jan 30, 2025
  2. Passed Senate (completed)Mar 14, 2025, 84–16
  3. Passed House (completed)Jun 12, 2025, 321–104
  4. To the President (completed)Jul 8, 2025
  5. Became law (completed)Jul 16, 2025

Summary

Public Law, Jul 17, 2025

This act permanently places fentanyl-related substances as a class into schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act. A schedule I controlled substance is a drug, substance, or chemical that has a high potential for abuse; has no currently accepted medical value; and is subject to regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal penalties under the Controlled Substances Act.

Under the act, offenses involving fentanyl-related substances are triggered by the same quantity thresholds and subject to the same penalties as offenses involving fentanyl analogues (e.g., offenses involving 100 grams or more trigger a 10-year mandatory minimum prison term).

Additionally, the act establishes a new, alternative registration process for certain schedule I research.

Read the full summary

The act also makes several other changes to registration requirements for conducting research with controlled substances, including

  • permitting a single registration for related research sites in certain circumstances,
  • waiving the requirement for a new inspection in certain situations, and
  • allowing a registered researcher to perform certain manufacturing activities with small quantities of a substance without obtaining a manufacturing registration.

Finally, the act expresses the sense that Congress agrees with the interpretation of the Controlled Substances Act in United States v. McCray, a 2018 case decided by the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York. In that case, the court held that butyryl fentanyl, a controlled substance, can be considered an analogue of fentanyl even though, under the Controlled Substances Act, the term controlled substance analogue specifically excludes a controlled substance.

Written by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.

Key votes

House final vote, Jun 12, 2025

On Passage

Passed 321–104

Yea 321majority 213Nay 104

  • Democrats104 yea, 103 nay
  • Republicans216 yea, 1 nay
  • Independents1 yea, 0 nay

Broke with their party: Bonnie Watson Coleman (D-NJ), Nikema Williams (D-GA), Maxine Waters (D-CA), Juan Vargas (D-CA), Nydia Velázquez (D-NY), Lauren Underwood (D-IL), Shri Thanedar (D-MI), Jill Tokuda (D-HI), Lori Trahan (D-MA) and Rashida Tlaib (D-MI) voted Nay; and 94 more

See how all 425 members voted

Showing 432 of 432 members

Yea 321

Republicans (216)

Democrats (104)

Independents (1)

Nay 104

Republicans (1) broke with their party

Democrats (103) broke with their party

Not voting 7

Republicans (2)

Senate final vote, Mar 14, 2025

On Passage of the Bill

Passed 84–16

Yea 84majority 51Nay 16

  • Democrats30 yea, 15 nay
  • Republicans53 yea, 0 nay
  • Independents1 yea, 1 nay

Broke with their party: Ron Wyden (D-OR), Peter Welch (D-VT), Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), Raphael Warnock (D-GA), Chris Van Hollen (D-MD), Adam Schiff (D-CA), Bernard Sanders (I-VT), Alejandro Padilla (D-CA), Christopher Murphy (D-CT) and Jeff Merkley (D-OR) voted Nay; and 6 more

See how all 100 members voted

Showing 100 of 100 members

Yea 84

Republicans (53)

Independents (1)

Nay 16

Independents (1) broke with their party

Roll calls

4 votes on this bill

Showing 4 of 4 roll calls

  • Jun 12, 2025HouseOn PassageFinal passagePassed, yea-nay 321–104
    Roll call 166 tally by party
    PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
    Democrats10410305
    Republicans216102
    Independents1000
    Total32110407

    House roll call 166: On Passage. Passed.

    104 crossed party lines: 103 Democrats, 1 Republican

    How each member voted (432)
  • Mar 14, 2025SenateOn Passage of the BillFinal passagePassed, yea-nay 84–16
    Roll call 127 tally by party
    PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
    Democrats301500
    Republicans53000
    Independents1100
    Total841600

    Senate roll call 127: On Passage of the Bill. Bill Passed.

    16 crossed party lines: 15 Democrats, 1 Independent

    How each member voted (100)
  • Mar 13, 2025SenateCloturePassed, yea-nay 84–15
    Roll call 124 tally by party
    PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
    Democrats301401
    Republicans53000
    Independents1100
    Total841501

    Senate roll call 124: On the Cloture Motion. Cloture Motion Agreed to.

    15 crossed party lines: 14 Democrats, 1 Independent

    How each member voted (100)
  • Mar 6, 2025SenateCloturePassed, yea-nay 82–12
    Roll call 110 tally by party
    PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
    Democrats291204
    Republicans51002
    Independents2000
    Total821206

    Senate roll call 110: On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed. Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Agreed to.

    12 crossed party lines: 12 Democrats

    How each member voted (100)

Amendments

35 offered

Showing 4 of 35 amendments

Cosponsors

31

Bipartisan support.

Who scored on this bill

1,238 points earned
  1. 1Bill Cassidy R-LA SponsorDrew cross-party cosponsors, introduced, reported, reached a cosponsor milestone, passed Senate, passed House, became law7 events+162
  2. 2Cory Booker D-NJ3 maverick votes; 4 amendments offered7 events+26
  3. 3Jeff Merkley D-OR3 maverick votes; 2 amendments offered5 events+22
  4. 3Raphael Warnock D-GA3 maverick votes; 2 amendments offered5 events+22
  5. 5Mazie Hirono D-HI3 maverick votes; 1 amendment offered4 events+20
See all scorers and every scoring event

Introductions and cosponsorships count toward weekly caps and show no points.

Other bills by Bill Cassidy

History

  1. Jul 16, 2025Signed by the President. Became Public Law 119-26.
  2. Jul 8, 2025Presented to the President.
  3. Jun 12, 2025Passed the House, 321–104.
  4. Mar 14, 2025Passed the Senate with an amendment, 84–16.
  5. Jan 30, 2025Introduced in the Senate by Bill Cassidy.
Show the full action history (38 actions)
  1. Jul 16, 2025Signed by President.
  2. Jul 16, 2025Became Public Law No: 119-26.
  3. Jul 8, 2025Presented to President.
  4. Jun 12, 2025Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H2806)
  5. Jun 12, 2025Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 321 - 104 (Roll no. 166). (text: 6/11/2025 CR H2625-2627)
  6. Jun 12, 2025On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 321 - 104 (Roll no. 166). (text: 6/11/2025 CR H2625-2627)
  7. Jun 12, 2025Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  8. Jun 11, 2025Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 489. (consideration: CR H2625-2633)
  9. Jun 11, 2025Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 884, H.R. 2056, H.R. 2096 and S. 331. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 884, H.R. 2056, H.R. 2096, and S. 331 under a closed rule with one hour of general debate for each bill. The resolution provides for one motion to recommit on H.R. 884, H.R. 2056, and H.R. 2096, and one motion to commit on S. 331.
  10. Jun 11, 2025DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on S. 331.
  11. Jun 11, 2025The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
  12. Jun 11, 2025POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on S. 331, the Chair put the question on passage of the bill and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Pallone demanded the yeas and nays and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  13. Jun 10, 2025Rule H. Res. 489 passed House.
  14. Jun 9, 2025Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 489 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 884, H.R. 2056, H.R. 2096 and S. 331. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 884, H.R. 2056, H.R. 2096, and S. 331 under a closed rule with one hour of general debate for each bill. The resolution provides for one motion to recommit on H.R. 884, H.R. 2056, and H.R. 2096, and one motion to commit on S. 331.
  15. Mar 18, 2025Received in the House.
  16. Mar 18, 2025Held at the desk.
  17. Mar 14, 2025Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1762-1765)
  18. Mar 14, 2025The committee substitute agreed to by Unanimous Consent.
  19. Mar 14, 2025Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 84 - 16. Record Vote Number: 127.
  20. Mar 14, 2025Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 84 - 16. Record Vote Number: 127.
  21. Mar 14, 2025Message on Senate action sent to the House.
  22. Mar 13, 2025Cloture on the measure invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 84 - 15. Record Vote Number: 124. (CR S1735)
  23. Mar 13, 2025Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1735)
  24. Mar 11, 2025Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1659)
  25. Mar 11, 2025Cloture motion on the measure presented in Senate. (CR S1659)
  26. Mar 10, 2025Motion to proceed to measure considered in Senate. (CR S1623)
  27. Mar 10, 2025Motion to proceed to consideration of measure agreed to in Senate by Voice Vote. (consideration: CR S1623)
  28. Mar 10, 2025Measure laid before Senate by motion.
  29. Mar 6, 2025Motion to proceed to measure considered in Senate. (CR S1596)
  30. Mar 6, 2025Cloture on the motion to proceed to the measure invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 82 - 12. Record Vote Number: 110. (CR S1596)
  31. Mar 5, 2025Motion to proceed to measure considered in Senate. (CR S1521)
  32. Mar 4, 2025Motion to proceed to consideration of measure made in Senate. (CR S1488)
  33. Mar 4, 2025Cloture motion on the motion to proceed to the measure presented in Senate. (CR S1488)
  34. Mar 3, 2025Committee on the Judiciary. Reported by Senator Grassley with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
  35. Mar 3, 2025Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 18.
  36. Feb 27, 2025Committee on the Judiciary. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
  37. Jan 30, 2025Introduced in Senate
  38. Jan 30, 2025Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.