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119th Congress Crime and Law Enforcement

S. 545: Combating Illicit Xylazine Act

Introduced

  1. Introduced (completed)Feb 12, 2025
  2. Passed Senate (not reached)
  3. Passed House (not reached)
  4. To the President (not reached)
  5. Became law (not reached)

Summary

Reported to Senate, Apr 15, 2026

This bill regulates xylazine under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA).

Xylazine, also known as tranq, is a nonopioid sedative and pain reliever that is approved for use in animals. Recently, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has reported an increase in trafficking of fentanyl mixed with xylazine.

This bill adds xylazine, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, to schedule III of the CSA. Schedule III controlled substances, including anabolic steroids, buprenorphine, and ketamine, have less potential for abuse than a schedule I or II substance, have a currently accepted medical use, and have low or moderate risk of dependence if abused.

Read the full summary

Under the bill, manufacturing, distributing, or dispensing xylazine, or possessing with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense xylazine for illicit use is subject to criminal penalties under the CSA. The bill also requires xylazine transactions to be tracked in the drug reporting system maintained by the DEA.

The bill exempts from registration under the CSA persons and entities that possess xylazine (1) lawfully dispensed by a veterinarian or pharmacy and (2) for an animal or for use in certain animal-control or wildlife programs.

The bill also exempts xylazine manufacturers from the CSA's physical security requirements.

Finally, the bill requires the DEA, in coordination with the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), to provide Congress with a report on how the agencies previously determined whether xylazine should be a controlled substance, including the full text of HHS's recommendations to the DEA for scheduling xylazine.

Written by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.

Roll calls

0 votes on this bill

No roll call votes have been held on this bill.

Amendments

0 offered

No amendments were offered to this bill.

Cosponsors

35

Bipartisan support.

Who scored on this bill

12 points earned
  1. 1Catherine Cortez Masto D-NV SponsorDrew cross-party cosponsors, introduced, reached a cosponsor milestone3 events+12
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Introductions and cosponsorships count toward weekly caps and show no points.

Other bills by Catherine Cortez Masto

History

  1. Feb 12, 2025Introduced in the Senate by Catherine Cortez Masto.
Show the full action history (5 actions)
  1. Apr 15, 2026Committee on the Judiciary. Reported by Senator Grassley with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
  2. Apr 15, 2026Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 372.
  3. Mar 26, 2026Committee on the Judiciary. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
  4. Feb 12, 2025Introduced in Senate
  5. Feb 12, 2025Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.