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119th Congress Education

H.R. 1048: DETERRENT Act

Passed HouseMar 27, 2025

  1. Introduced (completed)Feb 6, 2025
  2. Passed House (completed)Mar 27, 2025, 241–169
  3. Passed Senate (not reached)
  4. To the President (not reached)
  5. Became law (not reached)

Summary

Introduced in House, Feb 6, 2025

This bill expands oversight and disclosure requirements related to foreign sources and institutions of higher education (IHEs).

Specifically, the bill requires an IHE to annually disclose to the Department of Education (ED) any year in which the IHE

  • receives a gift from a foreign country of concern (e.g., China or Russia) or foreign entity of concern of any dollar amount;
  • receives a gift or contract from a foreign source (other than a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern) that is valued at $50,000 or more, considered alone or in combination with all other gifts or contracts within a calendar year (current disclosure threshold is $250,000 or more), or which has an undetermined monetary value;
  • enters into a contract with a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern after receiving a waiver for such contract; or
  • is substantially controlled by a foreign source.
Read the full summary

Additionally, the bill

  • prohibits IHEs from entering into contracts with a foreign country of concern or with a foreign entity of concern without obtaining a waiver,
  • requires certain IHEs to disclose gifts or contracts between covered individuals (e.g., researchers) and foreign sources, and
  • requires private IHEs with specified assets or investments to file annual investment disclosure reports.

The bill requires ED to investigate possible violations of this bill and outlines the various penalties for each violation. Penalties may include losing eligibility for federal student financial aid.

Written by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.

Key votes

House final vote, Mar 27, 2025

On Passage

Passed 241–169

Yea 241majority 206Nay 169

  • Democrats31 yea, 168 nay
  • Republicans209 yea, 1 nay
  • Independents1 yea, 0 nay

Broke with their party: George Whitesides (D-CA), Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D-FL), Eugene Vindman (D-VA), Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez (D-NM), Derek Tran (D-CA), Ritchie Torres (D-NY), Hillary Scholten (D-MI), Greg Stanton (D-AZ), Thomas Suozzi (D-NY) and Brad Sherman (D-CA) voted Yea; and 22 more

See how all 410 members voted

Showing 430 of 430 members

Yea 241

Republicans (209)

Independents (1)

Nay 169

Republicans (1) broke with their party

Democrats (168)

Not voting 20

Senate

Not yet voted

Passed the House Mar 27, 2025. Awaiting Senate action.

Roll calls

5 votes on this bill

Showing 5 of 5 roll calls

  • Mar 27, 2025HouseOn PassageFinal passagePassed, yea-nay 241–169
    Roll call 83 tally by party
    PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
    Democrats31168014
    Republicans209106
    Independents1000
    Total241169020

    House roll call 83: On Passage. Passed.

    32 crossed party lines: 31 Democrats, 1 Republican

    How each member voted (430)
  • Mar 27, 2025HouseH.Amdt. 15, TlaibRejected, yea-nay 4–404
    Roll call 82 tally by party
    PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
    Democrats4195116
    Republicans0208011
    Independents0100
    Total4404127

    House roll call 82: On Agreeing to the Amendment. Failed.

    Amendment by Rashida Tlaib (D-MI)

    4 crossed party lines: 4 Democrats

    How each member voted (436)
  • Mar 27, 2025HouseH.Amdt. 14, TlaibRejected, yea-nay 3–410
    Roll call 81 tally by party
    PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
    Democrats3199014
    Republicans021009
    Independents0100
    Total3410023

    House roll call 81: On Agreeing to the Amendment. Failed.

    Amendment by Rashida Tlaib (D-MI)

    3 crossed party lines: 3 Democrats

    How each member voted (436)
  • Mar 27, 2025HouseH.Amdt. 13, SelfRejected, yea-nay 92–321
    Roll call 80 tally by party
    PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
    Democrats0201015
    Republicans9211908
    Independents0100
    Total92321023

    House roll call 80: On Agreeing to the Amendment. Failed.

    Amendment by Keith Self (R-TX)

    92 crossed party lines: 92 Republicans

    How each member voted (436)
  • Mar 27, 2025HouseH.Amdt. 12, ScottRejected, yea-nay 199–214
    Roll call 79 tally by party
    PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
    Democrats1993014
    Republicans021009
    Independents0100
    Total199214023

    House roll call 79: On Agreeing to the Amendment. Failed.

    Amendment by Robert Scott (D-VA)

    3 crossed party lines: 3 Democrats

    How each member voted (436)

Amendments

6 offered

Showing 4 of 6 amendments

  • H.Amdt. 15Rashida Tlaib D-MIFailedMar 25, 2025Mar 27, 2025: On agreeing to the Tlaib amendment (A006) Failed by recorded vote: 4 - 404, 1 Present (Roll no. 82).
  • H.Amdt. 14Rashida Tlaib D-MIFailedMar 25, 2025Mar 27, 2025: On agreeing to the Tlaib amendment (A005) Failed by recorded vote: 3 - 410 (Roll no. 81).
  • H.Amdt. 13Keith Self R-TXFailedMar 25, 2025Mar 27, 2025: On agreeing to the Self amendment (A004) Failed by recorded vote: 92 - 321 (Roll no. 80).
  • H.Amdt. 12Robert Scott D-VAFailedMar 25, 2025Mar 27, 2025: On agreeing to the Scott (VA) amendment (A003) Failed by recorded vote: 199 - 214 (Roll no. 79).
  • H.Amdt. 11Andrew Ogles R-TNAgreedMar 25, 2025Mar 25, 2025: On agreeing to the Ogles amendment (A002) Agreed to by voice vote.
  • H.Amdt. 10Andrew Ogles R-TNAgreedMar 25, 2025Mar 25, 2025: On agreeing to the Ogles amendment (A001) Agreed to by voice vote.

Cosponsors

21

Bipartisan support.

Who scored on this bill

1,008 points earned
  1. 1Michael Baumgartner R-WA SponsorIntroduced, marked up, drew cross-party cosponsors, reported, passed House5 events+68
  2. 2Andrew Ogles R-TN1 maverick vote; 2 amendments offered, 2 agreed5 events+50
  3. 3Rashida Tlaib D-MI2 maverick votes; 2 amendments offered4 events+16
  4. 4Josh Gottheimer D-NJ2 maverick votes2 events+12
  5. 4Jared Moskowitz D-FL2 maverick votes2 events+12
See all scorers and every scoring event

Introductions and cosponsorships count toward weekly caps and show no points.

Other bills by Michael Baumgartner

History

  1. Mar 27, 2025Passed the House, 241–169.
  2. Feb 6, 2025Introduced in the House by Michael Baumgartner.
Show the full action history (35 actions)
  1. Mar 31, 2025Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
  2. Mar 27, 2025Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H1312-1316)
  3. Mar 27, 2025The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.
  4. Mar 27, 2025The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 1048.
  5. Mar 27, 2025The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
  6. Mar 27, 2025The House adopted the amendments en gros as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.
  7. Mar 27, 2025Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 241 - 169 (Roll no. 83).
  8. Mar 27, 2025On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 241 - 169 (Roll no. 83).
  9. Mar 27, 2025Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  10. Mar 25, 2025Rule H. Res. 242 passed House.
  11. Mar 25, 2025Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 242. (consideration: CR H1241-1260)
  12. Mar 25, 2025Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.
  13. Mar 25, 2025House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 242 and Rule XVIII.
  14. Mar 25, 2025The Speaker designated the Honorable Pat Harrigan to act as Chairman of the Committee.
  15. Mar 25, 2025GENERAL DEBATE - The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 1048.
  16. Mar 25, 2025DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 1.
  17. Mar 25, 2025DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 2.
  18. Mar 25, 2025DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3.
  19. Mar 25, 2025POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  20. Mar 25, 2025DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Self amendment No. 4.
  21. Mar 25, 2025POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Self amendment No. 4, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  22. Mar 25, 2025DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5.
  23. Mar 25, 2025POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  24. Mar 25, 2025DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6.
  25. Mar 25, 2025POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  26. Mar 25, 2025Mr. Walberg moved that the committee rise.
  27. Mar 25, 2025On motion that the committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.
  28. Mar 25, 2025Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 1048 as unfinished business.
  29. Mar 24, 2025Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 242 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.
  30. Mar 14, 2025Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Workforce. H. Rept. 119-16.
  31. Mar 14, 2025Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 9.
  32. Feb 12, 2025Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
  33. Feb 12, 2025Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 20 - 14.
  34. Feb 6, 2025Introduced in House
  35. Feb 6, 2025Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.